Understanding America 3899

Sowell, Ethnic America, 1981 Basic ISBN 0-465-02074-7 p31 Irish brough to America a settled tradition of regarding the formal government as illegitimate, and the informal one as bearing the true impress of popular sovereignty p224 Glazer & Moynihan, Beyond Melting Pot MIT 1963 p37 The ancient Celtic culture was "hostile to literacy," O'Brien p25 and Ireland was the only major Western nation that did not build a single university during the Middle Ages p232 G&M p58 In mid-nineteenth-century America in general, according to a contemporary, a German settlement typically "becomes a nucleus of a pure German circle, which is born, marries, and dies within itself, and with the least possible mixture of Anglo-Americans" p13 Feldstein & Costello Ordeal buttmln 1984 Anchor p62 Irish considered themselves more Americanized than the Germans, and rightfully in charge of the church's efforts to acculturate them. The Germans, however, considered themselves more educated than the Irish and resented having their parishes "run by Irish ignoramuses." Ultimately, the opoe himself had to intervene to restore peace. Over the years, German, Polish and other Catholics begn to have churches manned by priests and nuns of their own ethnicity p71 Jews it produced an emphasis on the futility of the use of force and violence and reliance on their wits, resourcefulness, and perseverence in the face of adversity p88 As late a World War I, soldiers of Russian - mostly Jewish - origin averaged among the lowest mental test scores of any ethnic groups tested by the US Army Yerkes, Mem Natl Ac Sci, 1921, p68 plus 17 These results led a leading contemporay authority on tests to declare that this disproved "the popular belief that the Jew is highly intelligent" Bringham Stud Am Intel Princeton 1923 p190 p94 In short, the Jews had the social patterns and values of the middle clbutt, even when they lived in slums p96 Even boxers were denied burial in holy ground by Sephardic Jews when that sport first began in England p99 Glanz 1966 p98 Jews have not only more education but also better education - from higher quality colleges and in more demanding and remunerative fields pp88,150, Ladd & Lipset Divided Academy MGH 1975 p101 "Not only each region, but each town, feels itself a self-contained, unique culture, its people feeling no kinship with those even a few miles away" Gambino, Blod of my Blood, 1974, p70-1 p110 Italian immigrants who became eligible for citizenship actually became citizens far less than members of other immigrant groups and also fewer learned the English language Lopreto, 1970, pp 56,66, 158 p111 "Jews and Italians get along with each other better than either does with the Irish" Ganz, J&I, 1970, p60 p113 American employers also cited an absence of initiative among Italian immigrant workers and a consequent need for costly supervision of them. The lack of initiative among Italian immigrants also reflected their southern Italian backgrounds, where initiative would have been resented rather than rewarded p135 Implacable revenge against enemies of the family was a long-standing and deep tradition in China Lyman 1974 p10 - again, as in Italy p185 mbuttice commercial sales of Negro slaves began after the conquest of northern Africa by the Arabs in the eighth century. Arab slave traders penetrated down into the center of Africa..Arabs were notable as the most cruel of all slave masters Phillips LLOS 1963 p9 p194 black population became differentiated in a new pattern based on occupational roles under slavery, on the date of family emergence into freedom, and on proportion of white ancestry p222 proprotion of one-parent, female-headed black families increased from 18 percent in 1950 to 33 percent in 1973 - from double the white percentage in 1950 to more than triple the white percentage in 1973. Despite attempts to depict this as a "legacy of slavery," one-parent female-headed black families were a rare phenomenon in earlier times, even under slavery p283 native-born Americans of Cuban, Japanese, Mexican, Negro, or Filipino ancestry are overtaken by immigrants of the same respective ancestry Chiswick-Fellner AEI 1979 p333-4 p289 black civil rights movement has been strongly supported by Jews, whose economic and cultural history is radically different from that of blacks. Conversely, the advanceent of blacks has been bitterly fought at various stages of history by the Irish whose incomes and occupations were long similar