Hybrids

Some vines were planted on their native European rootstocks in a few of the new areas in California in the 60s. I have not kept up with how many of these vineyards have had to be replaced with European vines grafted to US roots. I believe I have read that some South American vines were not grafted. Quinta do Noval "Nacional" port is still made from grapes from ungrafted vines in a tiny vineyard. It will cost you a small fortune in an outstanding year. Collares did not have to be grafted, because the insects did not find the very deep sand by the sea in which the vines were planted to be a very good home. I have heard mention of tiny pockets of ungrafted vines in Burgundy and Champagne, but these are a very rare exception. Bollinger Vieilles Vignes Francaises Champagne is made from ungrafted Pinot Noir. It is in short supply and quite expensive. If I remember correctly, Romanee-Conti still had ungrafted vines until the end of WWII, but grafted vines then had to be planted, and there was no more outstanding Romanee-Conti until many years after the exceptional 1945.